Abstract: The present paper overviewed the characteristics and function of courtship song in insects,especially Orthoptera and particularly emphasizing on the structure of calling organ and its calling mechanism,courtship calling orientation and its accuracy,individually appropriate adjust of courtship song under certain situation,acoustic parameters and their biological significances,and reaction and recognition to courtship song of receptor.On the base of this overview,the ecological significances of courtship song were discussed from the perspective of natural and sexual selection and speciation resulting from courtship song and its evolution.Finally,the progressing tendency of this scientific field was prospected.