四川山鹧鸪繁殖期的鸣声行为特征
Vocal Behaviour of Sichuan Hill Partridge (Arborophila rufipectus) in Breeding Season
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摘要: 2005年4—12月在四川老君山自然保护区，通过计算机声谱分析技术，对四川山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufipectus)雄性的鸣声行为特征进行了研究，其结果表明，雄性单音节鸣声出现在啼叫、保护领域和求偶中，这些鸣声持续时间差异明显，主峰值差异不明显；雄性双音节鸣声出现在啼叫、保护领域、竞争雌体和求偶中，这些鸣声第一音节时间、第二音节时间、音节间隔时间和主峰值差异极显著，全句时间差异不明显；雄性多音节鸣声出现在保护领域、警戒和惊吓中。雄性亚成体多音节鸣声出现在惊吓和警戒中；雄性成体和亚成体警戒鸣叫的音节持续时间、音节间隔时间和主峰值差异均不明显，全句持续时间差异明显；雄性亚成体和雄性成体的惊吓鸣叫音节持续时间、音节间隔时间、全句持续时间和主峰值差异均不明显。四川山鹧鸪表现出的各种鸣声行为是为了保护配偶和防止天敌，使该种群更好地繁衍。Abstract: Endemic to the mountains of south-west mainland China, the Sichuan hill partridge (Arborophila rufipectus) is a Galliform bird with high conservation concern. Up until now, little is known about the vocal behaviour of the Sichuan hill partridge. We studied the vocal behaviour of the Sichuan hill partridge in Pingshan, Sichuan Laojunshan Nature Reserve with spectrographic analysis from April to December 2005. Based on observation in the wild and playback experiments, the behaviours and characteristics of vocalization of the Sichuan hill partridge were analysed.The results showed that males had three types of one-syllable call, which were crowing call, courtship call and preserving territory call. The syllable duration was significantly different between calls, but the difference of main peak frequency was not significantly different. The males also had five types of two-syllable call, which were crowing call, courtship call, competing call and two types of preserving territory call. The duration of the first syllable, duration of the second syllable, the interval time between the first and the second syllables and the main peak frequency was positively significant between the five types, but the duration of the whole sentence was not significantly different. In addition, they had three types of several-syllable call, which were alarm call, screaming call and preserving territory call. Sub-adult males had two types of several-syllable calls, which included alarm call and escape call. The syllable duration, interval time and main peak frequency of alarm calls was not significantly different between sub-adult males and adult males, but the duration of the whole sentence was significantly different. The syllable duration, interval time, main peak frequency of screaming call and the duration of the whole sentence was not significantly different between sub-adult males and adult males. The findings suggest that vocal behaviour of hill partridge will benefit to preserve mates and avoid the predator pressure so that the population may exist forever.
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