栖息地选择的理论与模型
Theories and Models for Habitat Selection
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摘要: 栖息地选择理论和模型的发展经历了两个主要阶段：理想自由分布模型和空间直观的栖息地选择模型。随着对理论模型假设的放宽，近年来产生了越来越多的新模型。通过对栖息地选择过程的分析，提出了栖息地选择的几个关键环节：栖息地偏好、信息获取、行为决策及选择行为。在建立栖息地选择模型的各个关键环节上均存在大量有待解决的问题。目前对栖息地偏好的研究主要为相关分析，栖息地信息获取的过程仍然是一黑箱；对动物在栖息地选择过程中的行为决策以及对其生理状态的影响尚不了解，而解决这些问题需要生态学、生态学及认知学等多个领域的研究结果支持，也有待新的理论及方法加以充实，甚至还需要其他学科的介入。Abstract: The theories and models of habitat selection have been developed through two important stages, i.e. ideal-free distribution models and spatially explicit habitat selection models. Various new theories and models were developed with a relaxed hypothesis of, free moving, and negative density-dependency. Key processes of habitat selection were identified as habitat preference, environmental information apperceiving, decision-making and choice behavior. There are still many questions concerning these four key links that require solutions. Habitat preference requires more controlled experimental studies rather than correlation analysis. Environmental information apperceiving needs to be further investigated by looking at behavior and cognitive scientific methods. Understanding decision-making is limited and needs to incorporate other methods of science, such as artificial intelligence. Understanding effects of choice behavior on the physiological condition of animals requires more physiological and ecological research.
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