猪科的系统发育与系统地理分化(英文)
Molecular Phylogeny and Phylogeography of Suidae
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摘要: 猪科动物是最为昌盛的哺乳动物之一，但它们的分类及系统发育关系却尚待解决。为此， 用PCR直接测序法测定了一个红河猪(Potamochoerus porcus)、一个马来西亚野猪(Sus barbatus)以及数头欧亚野猪(Sus scorfa)线粒体细胞色素b全序列1 140 bp。结合从GenBank中获得的其他猪科物种胞色素b序列，用邻接法和最大简约法构建了猪科物种的系统发育关系，其结果显示苏拉威西鹿猪与其他猪科物种为姐妹群的关系。非洲物种疣猪和河猪聚为一枝，而欧亚猪属物种聚为另一支。各物种在系统发育关系中的位置与它们的地理分布对应。猪属物种可以被划分为3个种组：分布于菲律宾群岛、苏拉威西岛及其邻近岛屿的猪属物种形成一个种组，包括苏拉威西岛疣猪、菲律宾疣猪和印度尼西亚疣猪；欧亚野猪种组，包括欧亚野猪和姬猪；须猪和爪哇疣猪形成一个种组。Abstract: Although the Suidae animals were one of the most prosperous mammals, their taxa and phylogeny were poorly studied. To bridge this research gap, the complete mitochondrial DNA cyt b sequences (1 140 bp)of one red river pig (Potamochoerus porcus), one bearded pig (Sus barbatus), and several Eurasian wild boars (Sus scorfa) were determined with direct PCR sequencing method. Incorporated with the sequences of other Suidae species obtained from GenBank, the phylogentic trees of Suidae species were constructed by Neighbor-Joining and Most Parsimony method. Our results showed that the babirousa was sister group of all other species. The African species clustered into a single clade, while the Eurasian species formed the other clade. The phylogenetic positions of the Sus species were consistent with their geographical distribution. Based on our phylogeographical results, the Sus species could be classified into three groups: (1) the relatively primitive animals from Philippine Islands (such as S. cebifrons and S. philippensis), Sulawesi and it's adjacent islands (S. celebensis), (2) the Eurasian wild boars (S. scrofa and the mysterious S. salvanius), and (3) other pigs (such as S. barbatus and S. verrucosus), which might further diverged as the islands type (such as S. barbatus from Sumatra and Borneo) and the continental type (such as Malay Peninsula wild boar).
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