亚洲疣猴与猕猴牙齿的比较
Dental Variation Among Asian Colobines, with Specific Reference to the Macaques on the Same Continent
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摘要: 为了研究亚洲疣猴牙齿形态与功能适应性之间的关系，建立异速生长公式比较分析生活于同一大陆的猕猴。主成份分析用来分析来自异速生长公式的残差。结果表明：疣猴出乎意料地展示了比猕猴更小的门齿。导致此结果的可能原因是：疣猴与猕猴之间的食物差异性。但是，这种差异小于亚－非大陆种类。也就是说，在过去的500万年左右的时间里，生活于同一大陆的疣猴和猕猴已经产生了一些对环境和食性的趋同性。当每一个疣猴属分别与猕猴进行比较时，它们之间的差异性揭示了地理分布的差异。金丝猴（Rhinopithecus）和长尾叶猴（Semnopithecus）具有比其他疣猴发达的臼齿。欧氏距离的结果说明疣猴和猕猴牙齿的差异性揭示了它们在系统发育方面的关系。Abstract: In order to discern dental morphometric variations among the Asian colobines, residuals of the colobines, derived from allometric baselines formed by the Asian macaques (Macaca), were analyzed with Principal Components Analysis and Euclidean Distances. Results indicated that the widely accepted view that the colobines possess relatively smaller front teeth than the macaques is only the case for the first incisors. The colobines show relatively smaller molars than the macaques. Such profiles may be related to the differences in dietary preferences between the two major groups of the Asian Old World monkeys. The magnitude of such differences is not as great as usullay assumed for the two groups that contain both African and Asian taxa. In other words, the two Asian cercopithecoid groups may have homogenously been shaped by the tectonic modifications and climate alterations in the past five million years. There exist marked differences among the Asian colobines when each of the genera is compared with macaques; the dental profile reflects not only the variation in geographic distribution but also in phylogenetic divergence. Thus, the snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) and the gray langurs (Semnopithecus) are characterized by relatively larger molars than the other colobines – larger even than those of the macaques. The differences among Asian colobines, depicted by Euclidean Distances, seems to reflect the relationship of the phylogeny and evolution between colobines and cercopithecines.
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