A new species of the genus Atelopus, Atelopus fronterizo sp. nov. , from eastern Panama is described herein based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic evidence. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners occurring in the region by a combination of the following characters: (1) phalangeal reduction in thumb; (2) SVL (females only) (35.1–50.1; n=13), HW/SVL (0.23–0.34; n=59), EYND/HW (0.27–0.39; n=60), TIBL/SVL (0.41–0.56; n=58), and HAL/SVL (0.22–0.28; n=49); (3) dorsal color pattern with green or yellow background and extensive dark olive blotches forming transversal bands or mottling; (4) advertisement call duration 176–235 ms with 19–34 pulses, average pulse rate 131.69 pulses/s, and dominant frequency 2 422.50–2 606.50 Hz. The new species is nested within the Central American clade of Atelopus. The minimum Kimura‐2‐parameter (K2P) genetic divergence between Atelopus fronterizo sp. nov. and its most phylogenetically similar congeners (A. certus and A. glyphus) is >2.6% for 16S and >4.9% for COI (
). The phylogenetic relationship is strongly supported by ultrafast bootstrap values for the maximum-likelihood trees of both genetic markers (16S, 96; COI, 100,
). Bayesian analysis of the concatenated sequences resulted in a tree with similar topology and high posterior probability support (0.99; Supplementary Figure S1). In addition, haplotype networks inferred from COI and 16S (Supplementary Figure S2) showed a well-separated clade containing the new species (two for COI, four for 16S). The number of mutational steps between haplotypes for the new species samples is very low (1–4 in 16S; one in COI), and the minimum number of mutational steps from the nearest species is nine for 16S (distance to A. certus) and 28 for COI (distance to A. glyphus).
The Eremias multiocellata-przewalskii species complex is a viviparous group in the genus Eremias, and a well-known representative of taxonomically complicated taxa. Within this complex, a new species – E. dzungarica (
α-crystallins are small heat shock proteins, function as molecular chaperones to inhibit the misfolding and aggregation of β/γ-crystallins. Genetic mutations of CRYAA are associated with protein aggregation and cataract occurance. One possible mechanism causing cataract is that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induces unfolded protein response (UPR) and eventually leads to apoptosis. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanism has not been explored. Here, we successfully constructed cataract-causing mutant CRYAA (Y118D) related mouse model and the lens of CRYAA-Y118D mutant mouse showed severe posterior rupture, abnormal morphological changes and aberrant arrangement in crystallin fibers. Histological results were consistent with the clinical pathological characteristics. Further, we explored pathogenic factors in cataract development process through transcriptome analysis. Key pathway analysis showed that up-regulated genes in CRYAA-Y118D mutant mouse were implicated in ERS-UPR pathway. The findings of this study show that prolonged activation of UPR pathway and severe stress response causes proteotoxic and ERS-induced cell death in CRYAA-Y118D mutant mouse.
The loach tribe Yunnanilini from China is reviewed using morphological characters and the complete mitochondrial genome of some selected species. Molecular data suggested that the tribe Yunnanilini is not monophyletic and divided into three clades. Species of the Y. nigromaculatus group form an independent genus and are placed in Eonemachilus. In the phylogenetic tree, Y. jinxiensis clustered with Paranemachilus genelepis, and Y. pulcherrimus clustered with Micronemacheilus cruciatus, indicating that Y. jinxiensis and Y. pulcherrimus belong to Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus, respectively. Based on morphological data, four species from Guangxi, i.e., Y. bailianensis and Y. longibarbatus are placed in Heminoemacheilus, while Y. jinxiensis and Y. pulcherrimus, are placed in Paranemachilus, and in Micronemacheilus, respectively. Yunnanilus niulanensis and Y. qujinensis are treated as junior synonyms of Eonemachilus caohaiensis. The shared character of Eonemachilus, Micronemacheilus, and Yunnanilus is the short separation between the anterior and posterior nostrils. The genera can be distinguished from each other by mouth structure, characteristics of the lateral line and cephalic lateral-line canals, and papillae on the median part of both lips. The anterior and posterior nostrils of Heminoemacheilus and Paranemachilus are closely set. Characters distinguishing of Paranemachilus and Micronemacheilus are cheeks covered by scales and lips with papillae, respectively. Furthermore, our phylogenetic tree and morphological characters supported Traccatichthys as a valid genus, which can be distinguished from Micronemacheilus by anterior and posterior nostril closely set (vs. clearly separated). Four species are placed in Traccatichthys.
A new species of the genus Atelopus, Atelopus fronterizo sp. nov. , from eastern Panama is described herein based on molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic evidence. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners occurring in the region by a combination of the following characters: (1) phalangeal reduction in thumb; (2) SVL (females only) (35.1–50.1; n=13), HW/SVL (0.23–0.34; n=59), EYND/HW (0.27–0.39; n=60), TIBL/SVL (0.41–0.56; n=58), and HAL/SVL (0.22–0.28; n=49); (3) dorsal color pattern with green or yellow background and extensive dark olive blotches forming transversal bands or mottling; (4) advertisement call duration 176–235 ms with 19–34 pulses, average pulse rate 131.69 pulses/s, and dominant frequency 2 422.50–2 606.50 Hz. The new species is nested within the Central American clade of Atelopus. The minimum Kimura‐2‐parameter (K2P) genetic divergence between Atelopus fronterizo sp. nov. and its most phylogenetically similar congeners (A. certus and A. glyphus) is >2.6% for 16S and >4.9% for COI (
). The phylogenetic relationship is strongly supported by ultrafast bootstrap values for the maximum-likelihood trees of both genetic markers (16S, 96; COI, 100,
). Bayesian analysis of the concatenated sequences resulted in a tree with similar topology and high posterior probability support (0.99; Supplementary Figure S1). In addition, haplotype networks inferred from COI and 16S (Supplementary Figure S2) showed a well-separated clade containing the new species (two for COI, four for 16S). The number of mutational steps between haplotypes for the new species samples is very low (1–4 in 16S; one in COI), and the minimum number of mutational steps from the nearest species is nine for 16S (distance to A. certus) and 28 for COI (distance to A. glyphus).

Vol 42, No 2 (18 March 2021)
Indexed by SCI-E
2019 影响因子 2.638
12/168 Zoology (Q1)
2020 Journal Citation Reports®
双月刊, 始于 1980
主编: Yong-Gang Yao
ISSN 2095-8137
CN 53-1229/Q
期刊动态More >
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