非人灵长类饲养与管理过程中的福利保障
On the Husbandry and Welfare of Captive Non-human Primates
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摘要: 实验动物饲养管理和福利保障的问题已越来越被国际社会所关注。与发达国家相比，中国对实验动物福利的研究及大众化意识则相对滞后。中国作为世界上最大的实验灵长类动物的饲养与出口国，每年遭受的国际贸易损失始终位居全球首位。为此，本文引入了实验灵长类福利的“5个自由”理论：1) 动物有避免干渴、饥饿和营养不良等不利因素影响的自由；2）动物有获得舒适生活条件的自由；3）动物有脱离痛苦、受伤和疾病骚扰的自由；4）动物有表达自然行为的自由；5）动物有脱离恐惧和心理压力的自由。在上述理论的基础上，提高实验动物福利应具体从饲养的物理环境、营养供给、饲养管理、繁殖管理及饲养环境的多样性等几方面着手。通过总结国际与此相关的研究进展，旨为中国相关研究提供素材和为完善国内现行的法规及标准提出一些思路。Abstract: All animals including non-human primates require good husbandry and welfare conditions. The purpose of this paper is to encourage discussion and active review of the husbandry of captive non-human primates and to assist with the management of changes to benefit their welfare. We introduce the welfare concept of “Five Freedoms”, which are 1) freedom from thirst, hunger or malnutrition; 2) freedom from discomfort; 3) freedom from pain, injury and disease; 4) freedom to express normal behaviour; 5) freedom from fear and distress. The “Five Freedoms” concept promotes not only physical well-being of primates, but also psychological well-being. The practical strategies to improve husbandry of vertebrate animals include: concern about their physical environment, nutrition supplement, colony management, breeding activity of captive non-human primates and environment enrichment. People in charge of research and management with primates should always strive towards the betterment of captive animals' welfare by improving their captive environment on the basis of performance standards. These reviews may provide material concerning the husbandry and welfare of captive primates.
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