大耳姬鼠对滇西北18种植物种子的捕食
Seed Predation of Apodemus latronum on 18 Plant Species in Northwest Yunnan
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摘要: 2004年9月至10月在滇西北高海拔地区对18种植物种子进行了野外被捕食研究。选取高、低两种人为干扰程度的生境；高、低两种种子密度：3粒种子/塑料盘和15粒种子/塑料盘；3种试验设置：排除啮齿动物等大型捕食者、排除蚂蚁等小型捕食者，不作任何处理作为对照。其结果表明，种子捕食者主要为夜间活动的大耳姬鼠（Apodemus latronum）。种子在高人为干扰的生境中被捕食率要显著低于低人为干扰的生境（F1,430=7.78, P<0.01）；种子在高密度状况下的被捕食率要显著高于低密度状况（F1,430=13.16, P<0.001）。大耳姬鼠对于不同种类植物种子也有很强的选择性（F17,414=106.69, P<0.001），如喜好取食华山松（Pinus armandi）、中甸乌头（Aconitum chungdianensis）、豆科一种（Leguminosae sp.）和大头续断（Dipsacus asper）的种子，而不喜好取食高山柏（Sabina squamata）、黄花木（Piptanthus concolor）、栒子（Cotoneaster sp.）和西南鸢尾（Iris bulleyana）的种子。18种植物中，种子大小与其被捕食率高低之间无显著相关性，不同硬度等级的种子与被捕食率也无显著差异（P>0.05）。Abstract: Different species of seed predation was studied in northwest Yunnan province, China from September to October in 2004. Eighteen species belonging to 17 genus and 15 families were collected from the field. The experiment was done in two habitats with different disturbance intensities. Two kinds of seed densities were chosen: one had three and the other had 15 seeds in each plate. Three treatments were set: rodents excluded with metal mesh, ants excluded with butter and open with no mesh and butter. The results showed that the rodent (Apodemus latronum) was the only seed consumer and dispersal feeding was observed. Seed predation rates were significantly higher in the light disturbance habitat (44.1%) compared to the heavy disturbance habitat (40.4%) (F1,430=7.78, P<0.01). Seeds with high density had higher predation rates (446%) than seeds with low density (39.9) (F1,430=13.16, P<0.001). The attraction of different kinds of seeds to predators was significantly different (F17,414=106.69, P<0.001). Predators preferred the seeds of Pinus armandii, Dipsacus asper and Aconitum chungdianensis, but not the seeds of Sabina squamata, Piptanthus concolor, Cotoneaster sp and Iirs bulleyana. There was no significant relationship between seed size and seed predation (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in predation between seeds with different hardness (P>0.05).
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