甘肃天水麦积山风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫的物种多样性
Species Diversity of Soil Ciliates in Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Maijishan, Tianshui, Gansu
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摘要: 用活体观察和固定染色方法对麦积山风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种多样性进行了研究。共鉴定到隶属于3纲12目41科55属的土壤纤毛虫115种，其中包括11个未定名种和26个中国土壤纤毛虫新纪录种。街子温泉景区、曲溪景区、麦积山石窟区、石门山和仙人崖景区各分布有47、46、44、33和26种，大弹跳虫、似织毛虫、膨大肾形虫、僧帽肾形虫、迅捷肾形虫、吻四膜虫、长刀口虫和苔藓刀口虫为广布物种。前口目和下毛目为风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫群落中的优势类群，肾形目和盾纤目为次优势类群，侧口目、吸管目和寡毛目为罕见类群。风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种多样性与我国已有研究报道的其他地区的均极不相似。研究结果表明，风景名胜区土壤纤毛虫物种十分丰富，特有和稀有物种繁多，群落结构复杂而特殊；土壤和水生纤毛虫群落物种组成极不相似，土壤和水生纤毛虫群落是不同的2个独立群落。Abstract: The species diversity of soil ciliates in scenic spots and Historic Sites of Maijishan was studied by observation in vivo, fixation and staining. One hundred and fifteen species of soil ciliates were identified, including eleven unnamed species and twenty-six new records of soil ciliates in China, belonging to three classes, twelve orders, forty-one families and fifty-five genera. There were forty-seven, forty-six, forty-four, thirty-three and twenty-six species respectively distributed in Jiezi Wenquan, Quxi Jingqu, Maijishan Shikuqu, Shimenshan Jingqu and Xianrenai Jingqu, and Halteria grandinella, Histriculus similis, Colpoda inflata, C. cucullus, C. fastigata, Tetrahymena rostrata, Spathidium procerum and Spathidium muscicola were widely distributed species. Of which, Prostomatida and Hypotrichida were dominant groups, Colpodida and Scuticociliatida subdominant groups and Pleurostomatida, Suctorida and Oligotrichida incidental groups in the soil ciliate community. The species diversity of soil ciliates in the Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Maijishan was quite dissimilar to that in other areas of China according to the reported results of relevant studies. This study showed that there were abundant species and a large number of endemic and rare species of soil ciliates in the Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Maijishan, and their community was complex and unique. The species composition of soil and aquatic ciliate communities in the Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Maijishan were quite dissimilar, indicating that the soil and aquatic ciliate community belonged to two independent communities.
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