甘肃子午岭天然次生林区三种植被类型中土壤蜘蛛群落的组成及多样性
Composition and Distribution of Soil Spider Assemblages in Three Natural Secondary Forests in Ziwuling, Gansu
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摘要: 2004年4—10月，在甘肃子午岭天然次生林区采用巴氏诱罐法采集土壤蜘蛛2 164头，隶属于19科43种。研究表明：辽东栎林(Quercus liaotungensis)、油松林(Pinus tabulaeformis)和杨树林(Populus davidiana)3种森林植被类型中土壤蜘蛛群落组成有明显的差异；不同生境蜘蛛群落的组成成分和多样性指数各异；从各生境中捕获的蜘蛛个体数量分析，皿蛛科、平腹蛛科和科狼蛛科的数量最多，优势类群的组成相似；各生境类型中蜘蛛功能集团的组成及多样性也有明显差异。同时，分析了影响蜘蛛群落组成和多样性的主要因子是生境的植被类型和生境异质性。Abstract: Soil spiders were pitfall-trapped once every month in three forest vegetation types of Ziwuling natural secondary forest region, Gansu Province from April to October, 2004. A total of 2?164 spiders were collected, belonging to 43 species in 19 families, captured in 630 pitfall trap collections. Linyphiidae, Gnaphosidae and Lycosodae were found to be the dominant families in all habitat types, and the composition of soil spider assemblages was different between the three habitats. Ecological indices of diversity, richness and evenness were significantly different between the three habitats (P<0.05). The relative abundance of guilds (based on numbers of individuals) varied greatly (P<0.01), which may reflect resource availability within habitat types. The existence of different patterns within the assemblages reflects the importance of maintaining habitat heterogeneity and vegetation types in order to preserve soil spider biodiversity.
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