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牛俊英, 衡楠楠, 张斌, 袁 晓, 王天厚. 2011: 上海市南汇东滩围垦后海岸带湿地冬春季水鸟生境选择. 动物学研究, 32(6): 624-630. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.06624
引用本文: 牛俊英, 衡楠楠, 张斌, 袁 晓, 王天厚. 2011: 上海市南汇东滩围垦后海岸带湿地冬春季水鸟生境选择. 动物学研究, 32(6): 624-630. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.06624
NIU Jun-Ying, HENG Nan-Nan, ZHANG Bin, YUAN Xiao, WANG Tian-Hou. 2011. Waterbird habitat-selection during winter and spring in reclaimed coastal wetlands in Nanhui Dongtan, Shanghai. Zoological Research, 32(6): 624-630. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.06624
Citation: NIU Jun-Ying, HENG Nan-Nan, ZHANG Bin, YUAN Xiao, WANG Tian-Hou. 2011. Waterbird habitat-selection during winter and spring in reclaimed coastal wetlands in Nanhui Dongtan, Shanghai. Zoological Research, 32(6): 624-630. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1141.2011.06624

上海市南汇东滩围垦后海岸带湿地冬春季水鸟生境选择

Waterbird habitat-selection during winter and spring in reclaimed coastal wetlands in Nanhui Dongtan, Shanghai

  • 摘要: 2009年12月—2010年5月,对上海市南汇东滩围垦后城市湖泊湿地、实验修复湿地、抛荒湿地等三类人工湿地冬季雁鸭类群落和春季鸻鹬类群落展开调查,并对雁鸭类和鸻鹬类群落特征与相应生境因子进行相关分析。结果显示:三类湿地雁鸭类的种类无显著差异,但密度有显著差异:实验修复湿地是抛荒湿地的3.77倍,是城市湖泊湿地的6.03倍。鸻鹬类种类和密度:实验修复湿地分别是抛荒湿地的2.88和5.70倍。两者种类和密度差异均极显著。雁鸭类种类、密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)与明水面面积显著正相关;种类、H′与植被面积显著负相关;种类、密度、H′均匀度与植被盖度显著负相关;H′与平均水位显著正相关。鸻鹬类种类、密度均与裸露浅滩面积显著正相关。建议对已围垦土地的利用以大中型鱼蟹塘、水田为主,以提供足够的明水面给越冬的雁鸭类栖息。通过割除植被等方法在春季提供一定的裸露浅滩面积供迁徙的鸻鹬类栖息。

     

    Abstract: From December 2009 to May 2010 goose and duck (Anatidae) community censuses in winter and shorebird (Charadriiforms) community censuses in spring were conducted across three types artifical wetlands (urban lake wetland, restorative wetland, abandoned wetland) along the coast of Nanhui, Shanghai. Correlation analyses were undertaken between community indices and habitat factors. The results showed there were significant differences in the density of geese and ducks among the wetlands, but no difference in the number of species. The density of geese and ducks in the restorative wetland was 3.77 times that of abandoned wetland and 6.03 times that of urban lake wetlands. The number of species and density of shorebirds in restorative wetlands was 2.88 and 5.70 times that of abandoned wetlands. We found significant differences in the number and density of shorebird species between restorative and abandoned wetlands. The number of species density of geese and ducks and the Shannon-Wiener (H′) index were positively correlated with water area. The number of species and H′ were negatively correlated with vegetation area. The number of species, species density and H′ and evenness were negatively correlated with vegetation coverage. H′ was positively correlated with mean water level. The results showed that the number and density of shorebird species were positively correlated with bare muddy areas. Aquaculture ponds and paddy fields in reclaimed area is efficient sufficient compensation mechanism to maintain more water areas for waterbirds and to control vegetation expansion and maintain shorebird habitat after coastal reclamation.

     

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