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冀宪红, 张尚斐, 高斌, 朱顺义. 2018: 受体的多样性驱动蛇毒的进化. 动物学研究, 39(6): 431-436. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.063
引用本文: 冀宪红, 张尚斐, 高斌, 朱顺义. 2018: 受体的多样性驱动蛇毒的进化. 动物学研究, 39(6): 431-436. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.063
Xian-Hong Ji, Shang-Fei Zhang, Bin Gao, Shun-Yi Zhu. 2018: Receptor variability-driven evolution of snake toxins. Zoological Research, 39(6): 431-436. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.063
Citation: Xian-Hong Ji, Shang-Fei Zhang, Bin Gao, Shun-Yi Zhu. 2018: Receptor variability-driven evolution of snake toxins. Zoological Research, 39(6): 431-436. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.063

受体的多样性驱动蛇毒的进化

Receptor variability-driven evolution of snake toxins

  • 摘要: 三指环毒素家族(TFTs)存在于蛇毒液中,是一类被广泛研究的非酶类毒液蛋白。虽然该家族经历了加速进化,不过其进化的驱动力还未知。长链神经毒素是三指环家族中的一类,它们和烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体的复合物结构已经被解析,这为探究其加速进化机理提供了可能性。我们发现毒素的一些之前鉴定的正选择位点(PSSs)以及C端loop区位于与受体复合物的接触面上。值得一提的是,通过对相应乙酰胆碱受体的毒素作用区域进行适应性进化分析,我们并没有发现有正选择作用存在。不过,这些来源于蛇猎物的受体作用区域的氨基酸是变化的,研究结果表明三指环毒素家族的加速进化可能是适应多样受体的结果。这种非典型的进化方式之前有在蝎毒中报道过,我们首次在蛇毒中也发现了这种进化方式,由此可知,它也可能适用于其他有毒动物毒素的加速进化。

     

    Abstract: Three-finger toxins (TFTs) are well-recognized non-enzymatic venom proteins found in snakes. However, although TFTs exhibit accelerated evolution, the drivers of this evolution remain poorly understood. The structural complexes between long-chain α-neurotoxins, a subfamily of TFTs, and their nicotinic acetylcholine receptor targets have been determined in previous research, providing an opportunity to address such questions. In the current study, we observed several previously identified positively selected sites (PSSs) and the highly variable C-terminal loop of these toxins at the toxin/receptor interface. Of interest, analysis of the molecular adaptation of the toxin-recognition regions in the corresponding receptors provided no statistical evidence for positive selection. However, these regions accumulated abundant amino acid variations in the receptors from the prey of snakes, suggesting that accelerated substitution of TFTs could be a consequence of adaptation to these variations. To the best of our knowledge, this atypical evolution, initially discovered in scorpions, is reported in snake toxins for the first time and may be applicable for the evolution of toxins from other venomous animals.

     

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