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管振华, 马长勇, 费汉榄, 黄蓓, 宁文鹤, 倪庆勇, 蒋学龙, 范朋飞. 2018: 北方长臂猿对寒冷季节性森林的适应——生态与社会系统. 动物学研究, 39(4): 255-265. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.045
引用本文: 管振华, 马长勇, 费汉榄, 黄蓓, 宁文鹤, 倪庆勇, 蒋学龙, 范朋飞. 2018: 北方长臂猿对寒冷季节性森林的适应——生态与社会系统. 动物学研究, 39(4): 255-265. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.045
Zhen-Hua Guan, Chang-Yong Ma, Han-Lan Fei, Bei Huang, Wen-He Ning, Qing-Yong Ni, Xue-Long Jiang, Peng-Fei Fan. 2018: Ecology and social system of northern gibbons living in cold seasonal forests. Zoological Research, 39(4): 255-265. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.045
Citation: Zhen-Hua Guan, Chang-Yong Ma, Han-Lan Fei, Bei Huang, Wen-He Ning, Qing-Yong Ni, Xue-Long Jiang, Peng-Fei Fan. 2018: Ecology and social system of northern gibbons living in cold seasonal forests. Zoological Research, 39(4): 255-265. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.045

北方长臂猿对寒冷季节性森林的适应——生态与社会系统

Ecology and social system of northern gibbons living in cold seasonal forests

  • 摘要: 在我国,长臂猿的分布区接近该类群分布的最北限(N25°)。相比于热带地区,北方长臂猿能够适应显著不同的环境(比如较低的年均温,果实丰富度有显著的季节性变化)。理解这种适应性,以及生态因子如何影响群体社会性是搞清长臂猿生态与社会系统进化的关键问题,这些问题对于该物种的保护具有重要理论价值和指导意义。前期研究表明,相较于热带地区长臂猿,北方长臂猿取食更多的叶类食物,占据更大的家域面积;同时也发现了有的冠长臂猿群体中存在2个成年雌性。这些初步结果反映出生态环境与长臂猿社会系统的重要联系,但仍不能被当前的社会生态学理论所解释。为了深入了解北方长臂猿的适应性行为和社会系统,自2002年开始,我们的团队长期系统地研究了西黑冠长臂猿3个习惯化的群体,东黑冠长臂猿3个群体,以及天行长臂猿2个习惯化群体。本文中,我们综合了近16年的系统性研究结果,阐述了北方长臂猿所面临的挑战,总结分析了他们对恶劣环境的行为适应性;对比讨论了生态环境和社会系统之间的潜在关系;进一步提出了北方长臂猿相关问题的未来研究方向。

     

    Abstract: Gibbons in China represent the northernmost margin of present day gibbon species distribution (around N25°). Compared to tropical habitats, northern gibbon habitats are characterized by low temperatures and remarkable seasonal variation in fruit abundance. How gibbons adapt to their cold and seasonal habitats and what ecological factors affect their sociality are key questions for understanding their ecology and social system evolution, the elucidation of which will contribute to the conservation of these special populations/species. According to preliminary short-term studies, northern gibbons consume more leaves and use larger home ranges than tropical gibbons. Interestingly, some Nomascus groups consist of more than one adult female. However, these preliminary results are not well understood or incorporated into current socio-ecological theories regarding gibbon species. To better understand northern gibbons, our team has systematically studied three habituated groups of Nomascus concolor, three groups of N. nasutus, and two habituated groups of Hoolock tianxing since 2002. In this paper, we stress the challenges facing gibbons living in northern habitats and summarize their behavioral adaptations to their harsh environments. We also describe the northern gibbon social system and discuss the potential relationships between their ecology and sociality. Finally, we highlight future research questions related to northern gibbons in China.

     

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