Abstract: According to the extant records, there are a total of 165 species of fish along the middle and lower Langcangjiang River. However, in recent years, only 71 of these species have been be collected, indicating that fish resources of the middle and lower Langcangjiang River are declining, especially the medium-large and rare-endemic species. Accordingly, this study suggests several new initiatives, including controlling introduced species, restricting fishing intensity and implementing fish reproduction and release.