Abstract: The RLFPs of mtDNA from six Drosophila melanogaster populations in five places (Wuhan,Changsha,Guilin,Nanning and Beihai) were analysed with ten different restriction enzymes,25 restriction types were observed among 56 isofemale lines.By using Nei and Lis mathematic model and UPG method,the phylogenetic trees for both the restriction types and populations were constructed based on their genetic distances.Both of the trees showed three cluster groups,corresponding to three climalic zones:the south,middle and north subtropical zone respectively.The genetic distance within population (πI) except a vinegar plant population,increased with the geographic latitude.These results provid important information to study the origin and evolution of Chinese D.melanogaster.