Abstract: The nest spatial pattern and the colony caste composition of Polyrhachis vicina Roger were measured.1.Nests were regularly spaced from January to June or from September to December,randomly spaced in July and aggregated in August.2.In the cold season,nests were built at the place where could acquire solar radiation.In the warm season,most of nests were built in the shade.3.The population of the ant grew from the winter to the summer and descended gradually after the early autumn.Eggs,larvae,workers,queens and males existed yearly in the nest.Pupae appeared for 8 months from April to November and peaked in August.Gynes were present in the autumn.