新疆北塔山雪豹对秋季栖息地的选择
Autumn Habitat Selection by Snow Leopard (Uncia uncia) in Beita Mountain, Xinjiang, China
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摘要: 2004年9～10月，对新疆北塔山地区雪豹(Unica unica)栖息地选择进行了调查。在选定的15条样带上测定了59个利用样方及30个任意样方的6种生境特征(海拔、地形、植被类型、生境平坦度、放牧状况和坡向)，其结果如下：Vanderploeg和Scavia选择指数表明：雪豹对海拔、地形、植被类型、生境平坦度和坡向存在选择性：(1)雪豹偏好利用海拔2 000～2 200 m，而避开2 600～3 000 m区域；(2)倾向于悬崖底部和山嵴，避开山坡和山谷；(3)偏好于灌丛，避开森林；(4)避开平坦的开阔地；(5)倾向于选择非放牧区域活动；(6)倾向于选择北坡，避开南坡。对生境特征的主成分分析显示：前3个主成分(海拔、地形和植被类型)的累积贡献率达到75.76%，可以反映雪豹的栖息地特征，同时表明：影响雪豹栖息地选择的主要因素依次为放牧状况、植被类型、地形和生境平坦度。Abstract: Habitat selection of Snow Leopard (Unica unica) in Beita Mountain of the Altay Mountain system in northeast Xinjiang was conducted from September to October 2004. Six habitat features of 59 sites used by Snow Leopard and 30 random plots were measured by locating 15 transects surveys in the study area. Vanderploge and Scavia's selectivity index was used to assess Snow Leopard's selection for the different habitat parameters. Principal Component Analysis was used as the primary factor. The results indicated that Snow Leopard preferred the altitude between 2 000-2 200 m and avoided 2 600-3 000 m; selected cliff base, ridgeline and avoided hillside and valley bottom; utilized the shrub and rejected the forest; selected the non-grazing area and avoided the slightly broken region; preferred north orientation and rejected the south orientation. The results show that grazing status, vegetation type, topography and the ruggedness are the primary factors for the habitat selection of Snow Leopard.
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