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张志伟, 曹哲明, 杨弘, 王金龙, 曹谨玲, 韩曜平, 吴婷婷, . 2006: 草鱼野生和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星分析. 动物学研究, 27(2): 189-196.
引用本文: 张志伟, 曹哲明, 杨弘, 王金龙, 曹谨玲, 韩曜平, 吴婷婷, . 2006: 草鱼野生和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星分析. 动物学研究, 27(2): 189-196.
shu
ZHANG Zhi-wei, CAO Zhe-ming, YANG hong, WANG Jin-long, CAO Jin-ling, HAN Yao-ping, WU Ting-ting , *. 2006. Microsatellites Analysis on Genetic Variation Between Wild and Cultured Populations of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Zoological Research, 27(2): 189-196.
Citation: ZHANG Zhi-wei, CAO Zhe-ming, YANG hong, WANG Jin-long, CAO Jin-ling, HAN Yao-ping, WU Ting-ting , *. 2006. Microsatellites Analysis on Genetic Variation Between Wild and Cultured Populations of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Zoological Research, 27(2): 189-196.
shu

草鱼野生和养殖群体间遗传变异的微卫星分析

Microsatellites Analysis on Genetic Variation Between Wild and Cultured Populations of Ctenopharyngodon idella

    摘要
  • 摘要: 运用微卫星标记对江苏境内草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)一个野生群体(邗江群体)和两个养殖群体(淡水中心群体和无锡前洲群体)遗传多样性进行了分析。在10个座位中，每个座位检测到的等位基因数2～8个。有效等位基因数、多态信息含量、期望杂合度、平均表观杂合度均以邗江草鱼野生群体最高，分别为3.9、0.506 8、0.693 9、0.7；无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体最低，分别为2.2、0.179 6、0.523 5、0.528 6；淡水中心草鱼养殖群体各参数均介于两者之间，分别为3.5、0.290 2、0.541 8、0.542 9。以上结果表明：草鱼野生群体遗传多样性更为丰富，而草鱼养殖群体存在杂合度降低，遗传多样性下降的现象。邗江草鱼野生群体与淡水中心草鱼养殖群体和无锡前洲草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数分别为0.219和0.246，而两个草鱼养殖群体间遗传分化系数为0.034。这表明草鱼野生群体与草鱼养殖群体间分化严重，而草鱼养殖群体间分化微弱。各座位分化程度的χ2检验结果表明，10个座位中有GM18、MFW1-1、MFW1-2三个座位群体间分化达到极显著水平，GM03-2、MFW5两个座位群体间分化差异显著，其他座位分化不显著。针对每个座位对各群体进行Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验发现：由于草鱼养殖群体在GM03-1、GM03-2、GM18三个位点杂合子缺失，草鱼野生群体在位点GM19杂合子过剩而严重偏离平衡。实验表明：近交容易引起草鱼遗传多样性下降，纯合速度加快。

     

    Abstract: Genetic diversity of grass carp was studied by using microsatellite DNA markers, on the wild population from Jiangsu Hanjiang National Four Major Chinese Carps Seed Farm and the cultured populations from Freshwater Fisheries Research Center Aquatic Breeding Farm and Wuxi Qianzhou Aquatic Breeding Farm. The number of alleles generated from each locus ranged from two to eight at the ten assessed loci. The number of effective alleles (ae), polymorphic information content (PIC), expected heterozygosity (He) and the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) were all the highest in Hanjiang wild population as 3.9, 0.506 8, 0.693 9, 0.7 respectively. Meanwhile Wuxi Qianzhou cultured stock had the lowest value: 2.2, 0.179 6, 0.523 5, 0.528 6 respectively. All these parameters of FFRC population were between the above mentioned data, being: 3.5, 0.290 2, 0.541 8, 0.542 9 respectively. All those results showed that the genetic diversity of wild population was more sufficient than that in the cultured populations. Coefficients of gene differentiation (Gst) between Hanjiang wild population and FFRC population, as well as Qianzhou population being 0.219 and 0.246, which were larger than those between the two cultured populations being 0.034. This indicated that the gene differentiated more seriously between wild and cultured populations than those between cultured ones. χ2 significance test for the relative magnitude of genetic differentiation (FST) showed that three loci GM18, MFW1-1, MFW1-2, differentiated most significant among populations; GM03-2,MFW5 significant, others insignificant. HardyWeinberg equilibrium was detected for each population over per loci. The results showed that GM03-1, GM03-2, GM18 deviated from the equilibrium in cultured population for heterozyosis deficiency and GM19 in wild ones for heterozyosis excess. According to our study, inbreeding may decrease the genetic diversity and accelerate homozygotes of the offspring.

     

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