Abstract: Transgenic mice carrying the human poliovirus receptor (PVRTg21) were inoculated intraspinally with 3 poliovirus vaccine type 3 (WHO/Ⅲ,93/363 and 3J) and 1 wild virus (Leon).The clinical data and pathological data indicated that Leon viruses were the most strong neurovirulent.Even a dose of 100 TCID50 could make 100% of the Transgenic mice paralysis and death.When inoculated with 5.5 log10 TCID50 of the vaccine reference (WHO/Ⅲ),only 87.1% of the mice paralyzed and 51.7% of the mice died,and the other 2 lots of poliomyelitis vaccine (93/363 and 3J) were higher in the neurovirulence than the vaccine reference (WHO/Ⅲ).A good correlation was found between the monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT) and the PVRTg21 mouse neurovirulence test for the 3 vaccine lots.The experimental results showed that the PVRTg21 transgenic mice should possibly be an animal model for the neurovirulence evaluation of live poliomyelitis vaccines and epidemiological surveillance.