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张波, 周智刚, 周引, 陈永昌. 2020: 眼动跟踪研究揭示食蟹猴对蛇图片的注意力增强. 动物学研究, 41(1): 32-38. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.005
引用本文: 张波, 周智刚, 周引, 陈永昌. 2020: 眼动跟踪研究揭示食蟹猴对蛇图片的注意力增强. 动物学研究, 41(1): 32-38. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.005
Bo Zhang, Zhi-Gang Zhou, Yin Zhou, Yong-Chang Chen. 2020: Increased attention to snake images in cynomolgus monkeys: an eye-tracking study. Zoological Research, 41(1): 32-38. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.005
Citation: Bo Zhang, Zhi-Gang Zhou, Yin Zhou, Yong-Chang Chen. 2020: Increased attention to snake images in cynomolgus monkeys: an eye-tracking study. Zoological Research, 41(1): 32-38. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.005

眼动跟踪研究揭示食蟹猴对蛇图片的注意力增强

Increased attention to snake images in cynomolgus monkeys: an eye-tracking study

  • 摘要: 研究显示,人类和非人灵长类动物可以更加快速地发现蛇图片(与对照图片比较),提示进化相关恐惧刺激可以被视觉系统自动觉察。人类研究还发现,一般恐惧刺激本身(与进化无关)就更容易吸引注意力,然而,与此相关的灵长类动物研究是缺乏的。所以,本实验就探索了食蟹猴对进化相关和一般(与进化无关)恐惧刺激(如蛇、抓取捕捉手套)图片的视觉注意特征。现有相关研究通过视觉搜索任务和发现图片的潜伏期来衡量注意特征,与此类任务相比,本实验用到的眼动跟踪技术可以提供更加精确的潜伏期,以及提供额外的注意时间和频率作为衡量注意力的参数。此外,研究发现自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)病人呈现对恐惧刺激(如蛇)图片的注意力异常,而瑞特综合征(RTT)因为具有自闭症状被认为是ASD的一个亚型,但是我们对RTT患者或动物模型对恐惧刺激图片的注意特征缺乏认识。因此,我们也利用了MECP2基因编辑猴进行了相关研究。通过呈现给动物一张图片、两张图片配对和四张图片配对来增加刺激复杂性,我们探索了不同程度认知负荷对注意力的影响。结果显示,对照组动物和RTT模型动物呈现相似的注意特征,二者均呈现对蛇图片的注意时间和频率的增加(与对照图片比较),提示灵长类动物对进化相关的恐惧刺激(而非一般恐惧刺激)的视觉注意偏好。同时,这种注意偏好只在两张/四张图片配对任务中出现,提示其与认知负荷相关。

     

    Abstract: Previous studies have revealed faster detection of snake images in humans and non-human primates (NHPs), suggesting automatic detection of evolutionary fear-relevant stimuli. Furthermore, human studies have indicated that general fear-relevance rather than evolutionary relevance is more effective at capturing attention. However, the issue remains unclarified in NHPs. Thus, in the present study, we explored the attentional features of laboratory-reared monkeys to evolutionary and general fear-relevant stimuli (e.g., images of snakes, capturing gloves). Eye-tracking technology was utilized to assess attentional features as it can provide more accurate latency and variables of viewing duration and frequency compared with visual search task (VST) and response latency adopted in previous studies. In addition, those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show abnormal attention to threatening stimuli, including snake images. Rett syndrome (RTT) is considered a subcategory of ASD due to the display of autistic features. However, the attentional features of RTT patients or animal models to such stimuli remain unclear. Therefore, we also investigated the issue in MECP2 gene-edited RTT monkeys. The influence of different cognitive loads on attention was further explored by presenting one, two, or four images to increase stimulus complexity. The eye-tracking results revealed no significant differences between RTT and control monkeys, who all presented increased viewing (duration and frequency) of snake images but not of aversive stimuli compared with control images, thus suggesting attentional preference for evolutionary rather than general fear-relevant visual stimuli. Moreover, the preference was only revealed in visual tasks composed of two or four images, suggesting its cognitive-load dependency.

     

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