云南省寻甸县黑颈鹤种群数量及变化
Changes in number and location of Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) wintering at Xundian, Yunnan Province
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摘要: 2011-2012、2012-2013和2013-2014三个越冬季(每年10月至次年4月),对云南省寻甸县横河梁子黑颈鹤自然保护区及周边区域的黑颈鹤 (Grus nigricollis) 进行了实地调查,同时结合历史资料对其种群数量和分布范围变化进行了分析。结果显示,该区域黑颈鹤数量从20年前的300余只锐减到目前的不足30只,数量减少超过了90%;分布范围沿草甸湿地呈狭长型分布,并呈向中心区域萎缩的趋势,羊塘子海子及两侧农地,烧贼坝海子及两侧农地和老球场农地是目前最主要的活动地点,黑颈鹤数量百分比分别为37.02%,12.44%和13.78%。近3个越冬季黑颈鹤的活动地点逐渐向农地分散,且距草甸湿地的距离有扩大趋势,3个越冬季活动地位于非草甸湿地所在两侧山坡且距离最近湿地空间距离大于500 m的农地中的黑颈鹤数量百分比分别为0%、10.57%和51.01%。湿地退化和人为干扰可能是使其数量锐减、分布区萎缩、活动范围向农地分散的原因之一。建议进行湿地恢复并加强湿地管理。Abstract: We surveyed number and location of Black-necked Cranes (Grus nigricollis) during the winters of 2011/12 to 2013/14 at Xundian County, Yunnan Province. Currently, the cranes move mainly in Yangtangzi, Shaozeiba and Laoqiuchang, accounting for 37.02%, 12.44% and 13.78%, respectively. Over the past three winters, 0%, 10.57% and 51.01% of the cranes were in farmlands; these farmlands are >500 m to the closest marshes or meadows, indicating the cranes are moving away from the marshes. We found the population of the Black-necked Cranes declined dramatically over the past 20 years from more than 300 to fewer than 30 birds, mostly likely due to wetland degradation and human disturbance. We recommend the restoration of wetland and strengthenmanagement and conservation for this species in this area.