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侯荣, Reyna-HurtadoRafael, OmejaPatrick, TumwesigyeCharles, SarkarDipto, GogartenJan F., ChapmanColin A.. 2021: 森林有蹄类动物种群的长期动态变化:公园的建立增加了个体数量,但偷猎仍是一个持续的威胁. 动物学研究, 42(2): 207-211. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.325
引用本文: 侯荣, Reyna-HurtadoRafael, OmejaPatrick, TumwesigyeCharles, SarkarDipto, GogartenJan F., ChapmanColin A.. 2021: 森林有蹄类动物种群的长期动态变化:公园的建立增加了个体数量,但偷猎仍是一个持续的威胁. 动物学研究, 42(2): 207-211. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.325
Rong Hou, Rafael Reyna-Hurtado, Patrick Omeja, Charles Tumwesigye, Dipto Sarkar, Jan F. Gogarten, Colin A. Chapman. 2021: Long-term trends in a forest ungulate community: park establishment increases numbers, but poaching is a constant threat. Zoological Research, 42(2): 207-211. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.325
Citation: Rong Hou, Rafael Reyna-Hurtado, Patrick Omeja, Charles Tumwesigye, Dipto Sarkar, Jan F. Gogarten, Colin A. Chapman. 2021: Long-term trends in a forest ungulate community: park establishment increases numbers, but poaching is a constant threat. Zoological Research, 42(2): 207-211. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.325

森林有蹄类动物种群的长期动态变化:公园的建立增加了个体数量,但偷猎仍是一个持续的威胁

Long-term trends in a forest ungulate community: park establishment increases numbers, but poaching is a constant threat

  • 摘要: 森林砍伐是热带森林哺乳动物的最大威胁之一,而非法狩猎极大地加剧了这种情况。科学有效的保护计划应该基于栖息地退化、更新、狩猎以及动物数量变化的长期数据。我们研究了乌干达Kibale国家公园中常见的有蹄类动物(薮羚Tragelaphus scriptus;小羚羊属的一种Cephalophus sp.;蓝小羚羊Cephalophus moniticola)的种群在八个研究地点(原始林=3;采伐林=3;再生林=2)过去23年的变化情况。我们结合公园的管理政策、区域经济指标以及非法狩猎的次数来评估物种丰富度的变化(数据源于363次实地调查,总计1,450公里)。结果发现,从1996年到2009年,原始林和采伐林地区薮羚的丰富度呈增加趋势,随后在这一水平上下波动或下降。两种小羚羊的丰富度表现出了相似的变化模式,但是从1996年到现在,它们在原始林地区的丰富度总体上增加。另外,两种小羚羊的丰富度在采伐林呈现早期增加,随后波动的趋势。尽管公园内的人口规模、生活成本和教育成本都有所增加,但在过去十年里,每次巡护时发现的的非法狩猎迹象变化并不大,这似乎反映了我们在公众保护教育和执法管理方面的努力取得了一定的成效。我们的研究证实了公园建设、森林巡护和保护工作对有蹄类种群的积极影响,并表明森林哺乳动物种群对不同管理方案的适应性。

     

    Abstract: Deforestation represents one of the greatest threats to tropical forest mammals, and the situation is greatly exacerbated by bushmeat hunting. To construct informed conservation plans, information must be gathered about responses to habitat degradation, regeneration, and hunting over a sufficiently long period to allow demographic responses. We quantified changes in the abundance of three commonly occurring ungulate species (i.e., bushbuck, Tragelaphus scriptus; red duiker, Cephalophus sp.; blue duiker, Cephalophus monticola) at eight sites in Kibale National Park, Uganda (old growth=3; logged=3; regenerating=2) for 23 years. Changes in abundance (363 surveys totaling 1 450 km) were considered in regard to the park’s management strategy, regional economic indicators, and estimates of illegal hunting. Bushbuck abundance increased in old-growth and logged forests from 1996 to 2009, and then oscillated around this level or declined. Duiker abundance demonstrated a similar pattern, but abundance in the old-growth forests showed a general increase from 1996 to present day. Duiker abundance in the logged forests exhibited an early increase, but subsequent oscillation. Poaching signs per patrol have remained stable over the last decade, despite increases in the size of the surrounding population, cost of living, and cost of schooling, thus reflecting successful efforts in conservation education and enforcement. Our study highlights the positive impact of park establishment, patrol, and conservation efforts on ungulate populations and shows the adaptability of forest mammal populations to different management schemes.

     

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