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孙艳波, 张毅, 王凯. 2020: 基因组时代下两栖动物分子适应研究进展和展望. 动物学研究, 41(4): 351-364. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.046
引用本文: 孙艳波, 张毅, 王凯. 2020: 基因组时代下两栖动物分子适应研究进展和展望. 动物学研究, 41(4): 351-364. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.046
Yan-Bo Sun, Yi Zhang, Kai Wang. 2020: Perspectives on studying molecular adaptations of amphibians in the genomic era. Zoological Research, 41(4): 351-364. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.046
Citation: Yan-Bo Sun, Yi Zhang, Kai Wang. 2020: Perspectives on studying molecular adaptations of amphibians in the genomic era. Zoological Research, 41(4): 351-364. DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.046

基因组时代下两栖动物分子适应研究进展和展望

Perspectives on studying molecular adaptations of amphibians in the genomic era

  • 摘要: 理解生物适应性表型的进化遗传机制是进化生物学的核心问题之一。当今基因组数据(及其相关组学数据)的广泛使用极大地促进了我们对该问题的理解,同时也促进了进化生物学理论研究方面如分子适应,物种形成,甚至濒危物种保护等多领域的发展。尽管如此,过去脊椎动物的基因组学研究多局限于哺乳动物、鸟类等类群,而在两栖动物这一过度类群中发展相对滞后,部分原因来自于大部分两栖动物具有较大的或杂合度较高的基因组,致使其难以组装。过去几年,两栖动物学家通过对基因组相对较小的物种进行基因组测定并开展了一系列比较和群体基因组学分析,揭示了部分两栖动物在复杂进化景观中的物种形成和适应过程,为更广泛地应用基因组学开展两栖动物研究提供了希望。与此同时,这些先驱研究也使我们意识到在研究两栖动物的分子适应或表型进化机制方面还存在一些理论和技术上的挑战。在本篇综述中,我们首先总结了基于基因组数据的两栖动物适应性进化研究的最新进展(如两栖动物基因组进化速率较慢、基于群体基因组学揭示近期适应机制、分子水平的趋同进化等),然后提出了若干如何有效利用组学数据鉴定复杂性状的进化遗传基础的建议(或同样适用于其他研究类群),以及未来可能的研究方向(如转座元件在两栖动物基因组进化中的作用等)。

     

    Abstract: Understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying particular adaptations/phenotypes of organisms is one of the core issues of evolutionary biology. The use of genomic data has greatly advanced our understandings on this issue, as well as other aspects of evolutionary biology, including molecular adaptation, speciation, and even conservation of endangered species. Despite the well-recognized advantages, usages of genomic data are still limited to non-mammal vertebrate groups, partly due to the difficulties in assembling large or highly heterozygous genomes. Although this is particularly the case for amphibians, nonetheless, several comparative and population genomic analyses have shed lights into the speciation and adaptation processes of amphibians in a complex landscape, giving a promising hope for a wider application of genomics in the previously believed challenging groups of organisms. At the same time, these pioneer studies also allow us to realize numerous challenges in studying the molecular adaptations and/or phenotypic evolutionary mechanisms of amphibians. In this review, we first summarize the recent progresses in the study of adaptive evolution of amphibians based on genomic data, and then we give perspectives regarding how to effectively identify key pathways underlying the evolution of complex traits in the genomic era, as well as directions for future research.

     

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