Abstract: In order to provide a large scale of laboratory rhesus monkeys which have clear genetic and madical backgrounds,standard food and controlled environment,three breeding systems were carried out in National Laboratory Primate Centre of China,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan during 1984-1988.The study of 628 female breeders indicated that the average annual mortility rate of females was 4.7%,average annual conception rate was 83.2%,average annual reproduction rate was 72.2%.The results showed that,in Harem breeding colony,fertility was affected by female social rank and age.There were not significant difference in reproduction for male/female rate within 1/4-16.The major cause of death was trauma,following by enteropathies.56.2% of reproductive growth rate was gained in this colony.